Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational and entertainment purposes only. It highlights interesting & positive aspects of Afghanistan. Readers are strongly advised to consult their respective government’s official travel advisories and seek guidance from relevant authorities before making any travel plans or any other use. The authors and publishers of this article are not liable for any risks, losses, or incidents that may occur as a result of relying on the information presented. Travel to Afghanistan should be undertaken with careful consideration of official safety warnings and personal responsibility.

Profile at Glance

You will get …

Why Afghanistan is important country in world?

What are the challenges the country facing currently ?

Why Afghanistan is favorite for adventurous tourist & Travel Enthusiast ?

What you will get in Afghanistan which will never get elsewhere in world?

You may be planning to go Afghanistan or you are Lerner/ Researcher or eager to know about country … here you will resolve your quarries & get many many interesting facts ,A complete picture & Outline profile of Afghanistan in crisp , point to point way …So buddy lets start!

Brief Intro

Afghanistan is country of Awesome Mountain ranges, beautiful valleys & proud, warm welcoming people. It is located at junction of Central and South Asia.

It is interesting blend of Pashtun (Pathans), Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai & other ethnic groups leaving together.

It has captured the attention of the world by its history of Ancient Civilizations, silk route, Buddhist heritage, Muslim empire & modern long war period.

Country has a population of over 4.11 crore people & official languages are Persian(Dari) and Pashto.

From its ancient Silk Road connections to its challenging past and hopeful future, the country’s diverse society and unwavering determination for peace and progress inspire admiration.

Popularly known as..

Afghanistan, known for its rich history and diverse cultural heritage, has several nicknames that reflect various aspects of its identity. Like:

1.“Graveyard of Empires”: This nickname stems from Afghanistan’s reputation for being unconquerable. It has historically resisted several major empires, from the British in the 19th century to the Soviet Union in the 20th century.

2.”Land of the Brave”: Reflecting the resilience and courage of its people, this name honors the Afghan spirit in facing and overcoming challenges throughout history.

3.”Crossroads of Asia”: Afghanistan’s strategic geographical location at the heart of Asia has historically made it a pivotal intersection for trade routes, cultural exchange, and invasions, linking the East and West.

4.”Heart of Asia”: Similar to “Crossroads of Asia,” this nickname emphasizes Afghanistan’s central geographical and cultural importance in the Asian continent.

Maps of Afghanistan

General & All inclusive Overview map

Flag & symbols

The flag of Afghanistan, as of its most recent design prior to the Taliban’s takeover in August 2021, consists of three vertical stripes of black, red, and green with the national emblem in the center. Each element and color has a specific meaning:

National Emblem:

Present Taliban Government Flag

The flag of the Taliban government, which was adopted after they took control of Afghanistan in August 2021, consists of a plain white field with black Arabic script. This flag has deep symbolic meanings rooted in Islamic tradition and the Taliban’s interpretation of their governance principles. Here are the key elements and their meanings:

The Shahada is a central tenet of Islam, symbolizing the core belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. By featuring this declaration, the flag emphasizes the Taliban’s commitment to governing according to their strict interpretation of Islamic law (Sharia).

Symbolic Interpretation

• Purity and Peace: The white field is intended to symbolize the purity of their cause and the peace they aim to bring under their rule, despite the controversial and often violent methods employed to achieve it.
• Islamic Faith: The Shahada underscores the Taliban’s identity as an Islamic fundamentalist group and their intention to establish an Islamic emirate governed by Sharia law.

Historical Context

• The Taliban used a similar white flag during their previous rule from 1996 to 2001. The re-adoption of this flag signifies a return to their former governance style and ideological principles.

The Taliban’s flag is a stark and powerful symbol of their regime, reflecting their vision of an Islamic state and their focus on religious identity.

People & Culture

People

Culture

Afghanistan’s Iconic things you must buy

This list includes some important products of country. Purchasing them helps the people of country, spreading happiness in their lives. Buying through these links also helps this wonderful platform continue to serve you with joy with out any extra cost to you . Thank you and much love in advance!

Afghan Carpets:

Known for their intricate designs and vibrant colors, Afghan carpets (especially those from Herat and Mazar-e-Sharif) are prized for their quality and craftsmanship.

Lapis Lazuli Jewelry:

Afghanistan is famous for its lapis lazuli, a deep blue gemstone that has been used in jewelry and decorative arts for thousands of years.

Pashmina Shawls:

Made from fine cashmere wool, Afghan pashmina shawls are renowned for their softness and elegance, perfect for keeping warm or as a luxurious accessory.

Handcrafted Pottery:

Afghan pottery often features traditional designs and craftsmanship, making it a unique addition to your home decor.

Embroidered Textiles:

Afghan embroidery, such as the colorful and intricate designs found in garments like Pashtun dresses or pillows, showcases the country’s rich textile traditions.

Kuchi Jewelry:

Characterized by its bold colors and chunky designs, Kuchi jewelry is traditionally worn by the nomadic Kuchi people and is now popular as statement pieces.

Musical Instruments:

Instruments like the rubab (a lute-like stringed instrument) or tabla (a pair of drums) are integral to Afghan music and make for memorable souvenirs for music enthusiasts.

Dry Fruits and Nuts:

Afghanistan produces high-quality dried fruits and nuts, including apricots, almonds, and pistachios, which are delicious and make for great gifts.

Calligraphy Art:

Afghan calligraphy, often featuring verses from the Quran or poetic phrases, is a beautiful art form that can be found on paintings, manuscripts, or decorative items.

Afghan Spices:

Spices like saffron and dried herbs such as coriander and mint are staples of Afghan cuisine and can add a unique flavor to your cooking back home

Folk traditions

Epics & mythology

Appearance of people

 Entertainment

Languages

Religion

Geo features

Overview

The landscape is divided into three main regions. The central highlands, part of the Himalayan chain, cover 416,398 sq km (160,771 sq mi) with peaks above 6,400 m (21,000 ft) and passes up to 4,600 m (15,000 ft).

The northern plains, spanning 103,600 sq km (40,000 sq mi), are fertile and populous with elevations around 600 m (2,000 ft).

The southwestern plateau, an arid zone, covers 155,399 sq km (60,000 sq mi) at about 900 m (3,000 ft) in altitude. Mountains cover three-fourths of the country.

Major rivers include the Amu Darya (1,250 km; 777 mi), flowing to the Aral Sea, the Kabul River (611 km; 380 mi), joining the Indus in Pakistan, and the Helmand River (1,126 km; 700 mi), flowing into Lake Hamun.

Major Rivers

Major Lakes

Major Mountains

Major Plains

Sea

Afghanistan is a landlocked country and does not have any seas. Its geographical features are predominantly characterized by mountains, plains, rivers, and deserts, but it lacks direct access to any sea or ocean. The country’s trade and access to waterways are typically through neighboring countries that have sea access. So, no Islands, Beaches..

Ports

As a landlocked country, Afghanistan relies on ports in neighboring countries for maritime trade. The nearest major ports are:

1. Karachi, Pakistan: The primary seaport for Afghanistan’s trade, offering access to the Arabian Sea.
2. Bandar Abbas, Iran: On the Strait of Hormuz, serving as an alternative route for Afghan trade.
3. Hairatan, Uzbekistan: While not a seaport, it’s a key dry port for Afghanistan’s trade with Central Asia.
4. Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan: On the Caspian Sea, used for transit trade by Afghanistan.
5. Chabahar, Iran: Increasingly important for Afghanistan, providing direct access to the Indian Ocean.

Volcanos

Afghanistan does not have any major active volcanoes. The country’s geographical landscape is mainly characterized by mountains, especially the Hindu Kush range, plains, and rivers, but it lacks volcanic activity. The geological focus in Afghanistan is more on seismic activity due to its location near tectonic plate boundaries, rather than on volcanism.

Forests

Major Deserts

Bio Diversity

Overview

Major Herbal Plants

Major wild Animals

Major Domestic Animals

• Sheep: Renowned for their fine wool, vital for textiles and local crafts. They also provide meat and skin, sustaining rural economies.
• Goats: Resilient and adaptable, prized for their milk, meat, and cashmere wool. Often found grazing in mountainous regions.
• Cattle: Essential for dairy production, meat, and as working animals in agriculture. They contribute significantly to food security and farming practices.
• Camels: Known as the “ships of the desert,” they serve as reliable transportation in Afghanistan’s rugged terrain. Their endurance and strength make them invaluable assets.
• Horses: Iconic symbols of Afghan culture, celebrated for their beauty and agility. They have a rich history in warfare, sports like Buzkashi, and as loyal companions to nomadic tribes.

Birds

• Afghan Snow finch: A small bird found in high-altitude regions, known for its resilience in harsh mountain environments.
• Afghan Pigeon: A breed of domestic pigeon highly prized for its distinctive appearance and prized for its role in traditional pigeon racing.
• Lammergeier: Also known as the bearded vulture, it’s a majestic bird of prey with a wingspan of over 2 meters, often spotted in the rugged mountainous regions of Afghanistan.
• Afghan Sparrow hawk: A swift and agile hunter found throughout Afghanistan, known for its remarkable hunting abilities and striking plumage.
• Afghan Partridge: A game bird native to the region, prized for its delicious meat and often hunted for sport and sustenance.

Major fishes

Natures wonders

• Band-e Amir Lakes: A stunning series of six deep blue lakes nestled amidst the jagged cliffs of the Hindu Kush mountains, known for their striking beauty and rich turquoise waters.
• The Wakhan Corridor: A remote and pristine wilderness stretching along the northeastern border of Afghanistan, home to rare wildlife such as the snow leopard and Marco Polo sheep, as well as nomadic communities living in harmony with nature.
• The Afghan Pamir: Part of the Pamir mountain range, this region boasts some of the highest peaks in the world, including Noshaq, Afghanistan’s highest mountain, offering breathtaking vistas and unparalleled opportunities for mountaineering and adventure.

National parks/Sanctuaries

Soil & Natural Resources

Natural resources of Afghanistan

Mining

Is there Lithium in Huge Quantity?

Urbanization

Afghanistan has experienced significant urbanization in recent decades, driven by factors such as population growth, rural-urban migration, and conflict-induced displacement.

Urbanization poses both opportunities and challenges for Afghanistan, including pressure on infrastructure, services, and housing, as well as potential economic growth and job creation in urban centers.

Major Urban Areas of are :

Kabul :

• The capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country.
• Kabul is the political, economic, and cultural hub of Afghanistan, with a diverse population and bustling markets.
• The city has faced challenges such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, and inadequate infrastructure, but also offers opportunities for employment and education.

Kandahar:

• One of Afghanistan’s oldest cities, located in the southern province of Kandahar.
• Kandahar is a significant economic and cultural center, known for its historical landmarks and strategic importance.
• The city has experienced periods of instability due to conflict but remains an important urban area in southern Afghanistan.

Herat:

• A major city in western Afghanistan, near the border with Iran.
• Herat is renowned for its rich history, vibrant bazaars, and architectural heritage.
• The city serves as a commercial and cultural center, with industries such as trade, agriculture, and manufacturing driving its economy.

Mazar-i-Sharif:

• Located in the northern province of Balkh, Mazar-i-Sharif is the fourth-largest city in Afghanistan.
• The city is known for its blue-tiled mosques, bustling markets, and historical significance as a center of trade and culture.
• Mazar-i-Sharif has seen rapid urban growth in recent years, with expanding infrastructure and increasing economic opportunities.

Features of urban population

1. Rapid urban growth due to migration, natural increase, and displacement.
2. Ethnically diverse urban populations contribute to cultural vibrancy.
3. Urban areas offer economic opportunities for people in commerce, services, and industry.
4. Challenges include inadequate infrastructure and overcrowding.
5. Urban centers serve as cultural hubs for education, healthcare, and entertainment.

Rural

Rural areas cover the majority of Afghanistan’s landmass, comprising remote villages and agricultural landscapes.

Life in rural Afghanistan is characterized by traditional lifestyles, subsistence farming, and close-knit community ties.

Challenges include limited access to education, healthcare, infrastructure, and economic opportunities, exacerbated by ongoing conflict and insecurity.

Major Rural Areas of Afghanistan:

Panjshir Valley:

Bamyan Province:

• Situated in central Afghanistan, known for its rugged terrain and cultural landmarks such as the Buddhas of Bamyan.
• Agriculture is the primary livelihood, with farmers cultivating crops like potatoes, wheat, and barley in terraced fields.
• Bamyan’s rural communities face challenges such as isolation, limited access to services, and vulnerability to natural disasters.

Kunduz Province:

• Located in northern Afghanistan, Kunduz is known for its vast plains and agricultural productivity.
• The province is a major producer of wheat, rice, cotton, and vegetables, supporting rural livelihoods.
• Kunduz has faced instability due to conflict, impacting agriculture and displacing rural populations.

Nangarhar Province:

• Located in eastern Afghanistan, Nangarhar is known for its fertile valleys and diverse agricultural output.
• Farmers cultivate crops such as wheat, maize, fruits, and nuts, contributing to the province’s economy.
• Nangarhar’s rural communities also engage in livestock rearing and traditional crafts, sustaining local livelihoods.

Weather

Climate Overview

Get live & upcoming weather updates

Best time to Visit Afghanistan …

Best Time to enjoy journey are:

Rainfall

Winter

Summer

Natural Disasters

Travel

Afghanistan, a land veiled in enigma and rich history, invites the intrepid traveler to discover its hidden treasures. Beyond the headlines lies a country with stunning natural beauty, from the rugged Hindu Kush mountains to the serene blue waters of Band-e Amir. Its archaeological sites whisper tales of ancient empires, while the bustling bazaars in Kabul teem with vibrant colors and traditional crafts.

Cultural enthusiasts will relish the chance to experience Afghanistan’s rich tapestry of traditions, including music, poetry, and the legendary Afghan hospitality. While the journey may be for the bold, the rewards are profound—a unique blend of adventure, history, and cultural immersion awaits in Afghanistan, the heart of Asia.

UNESCO world heritage sites:

Afghanistan hosts two UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

1.Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam – A 12th-century Islamic architectural masterpiece in Ghor Province, standing 65 meters tall with exquisite brickwork and Kufic inscriptions.

2.Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley – Features the site of the giant Buddha statues , along with caves and monastic remnants that showcase a millennium of Buddhist and Islamic history.

Places of interest

Afghanistan offers numerous places of interest that cater to a wide range of preferences, from historical sites to natural wonders. Here’s a concise guide to some of the most significant and intriguing destinations :

Band-e Amir National Park: Afghanistan’s natural wonder, featuring breathtaking blue lakes and travertine dams.

Panjshir Valley: Known for its natural beauty and historical significance in resistance movements.

Herat Citadel: Historic fortress symbolizing the region’s rich past and cultural heritage.

The Blue Mosque: A stunning mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, famous for its exquisite blue tiles.

Gardens of Babur: A serene historical park in Kabul, reflecting Mughal architecture and landscaping.

The National Museum of Afghanistan: Houses artifacts spanning the country’s history, from prehistoric times to the Islamic era.

Qala-e Bost: The remaining arch of an ancient city, highlighting Afghanistan’s trade route history.

The Kabul Old City: Offers a vibrant look into traditional markets and Afghanistan’s architectural diversity.

Aynak Copper Mine: Site of significant Buddhist archaeological finds, atop one of the largest copper reserves.

The Green Mosque: A beautiful example of Islamic architecture in Balkh, known for its intricate designs.

Shahr-e Gholghola: The “City of Screams,” offering a glimpse into the ancient and the Mongol invasion’s impacts.

Khyber Pass: A historically significant mountain pass linking Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Band-e Zulfiqar: Another stunning lake in Band-e Amir, known for its natural beauty and tranquility.

Hindukush Mountain : The Hindukush Mountains, stretching approximately 800 kilometers from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan, offer rugged terrains . This region provides unique opportunities for trekking, mountaineering, and exploring diverse ecosystems, including alpine meadows and coniferous forests.

Noshaq : Noshak, Afghanistan’s highest peak at 7,492 meters (24,580 feet), offers an exhilarating adventure for mountaineers and trekkers, featuring challenging climbs, breathtaking views of the Hindu Kush range, and a unique opportunity to explore one of the world’s least-traveled mountain regions.

Kabul zoo: Situated on the banks of the Kabul River in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan. The zoo covers an area of approximately 22 acres. It is Home to over 280 animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. Notable species include lions, bears, monkeys, and a variety of native Afghan wildlife.

Historical City Kandahar : Kandahar, with its ancient history, rich Pashtun culture, and landmarks like the Mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Blue Mosque, offers a unique glimpse into Afghanistan’s storied past for adventurous travelers.

Babur Tomb: Resting place of the Mughal emperor Babur, nestled in a serene garden overlooking the city of Kabul.

Khwaja Abd Allah Ansari Shrine: A revered Sufi saint’s shrine, a masterpiece of Timurid architecture in the historic city of Herat.

Qargha Lake: A picturesque reservoir offering a tranquil escape and recreational activities just outside Kabul.

Darul Aman Palace: A symbol of Afghanistan’s modern history, this neoclassical palace stands as a testament to resilience in Kabul.

Gawhar Shad Madrasa and Mausoleum: A stunning example of Timurid architecture, commemorating a powerful queen in Herat.

Shah-e Doh Shamshira Mosque: An iconic yellow mosque in Kabul, known for its unique two-story design.

Malan Bridge: A historic structure in Herat, showcasing traditional Afghan engineering and architecture.

Buzkashi Stadium(Mazar i Sharif): The vibrant heart of Afghanistan’s national sport, where horsemen compete in fierce, exhilarating matches.

Faizabad of Badakhshan Province: Renowned for stunning landscapes and the lapis lazuli mines.

The Red City of Shahr-e Zohak: Ancient fortress ruins offering breathtaking views and a historical journey.

Takht-e Rostam: An archaeological site with a Buddhist monastery carved into a hill, showcasing Afghanistan’s Buddhist heritage.

Mausoleum of Ahmad Shah Durrani: The resting place of Afghanistan’s founder, symbolizing national pride.

Sultan Masood Palace: Ruins reflecting the grandeur of the Ghaznavid era, located in Ghazni.

Wakhan Corridor: A rugged and remote area offering unique cultural insights and breathtaking natural beauty.

Ai Khanoum: Ancient Greek city ruins that highlight the blend of Greek and Eastern cultures.

Haji Piyada Mosque: Afghanistan’s oldest Islamic building, showcasing early Islamic architecture.

Arghandab Valley: Famous for its lush landscapes and pomegranate orchards, a symbol of Afghanistan’s agricultural richness.

Zarafshan Valley: “Gold River” valley known for its biodiversity and stunning natural landscapes.

Nurestan Forests: Dense forests in Nuristan, a hotspot for biodiversity and unique cultural heritage.

The Great Mosque of Herat: A magnificent mosque representing Islamic Golden Age architecture.

Kafiristan (Nuristan): A region with unique pre-Islamic culture, distinct architecture, and traditions.

Lapis Lazuli Mines of Badakhshan: Historic mines known for producing high-quality lapis lazuli since ancient times.

Begram Ruins: Ancient city offering insights into the Kushan Empire and a major trading hub between East and West.

Salang Pass: A crucial high mountain pass, highlighting Afghanistan’s challenging geography and strategic routes.

Anjuman Pass: Offers spectacular views through the Pamir Mountains, connecting to the Wakhan Corridor.

Ghorband Valley: An area rich in Bronze Age archaeological sites and ancient fortresses.

Jalrez Valley: Picturesque valley in Maidan Wardak, showcasing rural Afghan life and beauty.

Amu Darya River: Major Central Asian river, historically known as the Oxus, critical for trade and civilization.

Kajaki Dam: A key hydroelectric dam in Helmand, vital for electricity and irrigation.

Hazarajat Plateau: Central highlands region, home to the Hazara people, known for its rugged terrain and cultural diversity.

Kunduz: A key location in northern Afghanistan, known for its strategic importance and agricultural lands.

Visa, Permissions, Travel tips

How to reach

By Air

1. Commercial Flights:
   • Kabul International Airport (Hamid Karzai International Airport) is the main gateway, with limited international flights from a few countries.
   • Check with airlines for routes and availability, as services change based on current conditions and diplomatic ties.
   • Connecting flights may be required, often through neighboring countries’ hubs like Islamabad (Pakistan), Doha (Qatar), or Dubai (UAE).
2. Charter Flights:
   • In certain circumstances, charter flights might be arranged for specific groups or missions, often through NGOs, governmental agencies, or international organizations.
   • These are typically not available to the general public.

By Land

1. Border Crossings:
   • Afghanistan shares borders with Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China. However, not all border crossings are open or safe for international travelers.
   • Torkham and Spin Boldak are major crossings from Pakistan, used for both commercial and limited passenger movements.
   • Islam Qala (from Iran), Hairatan (from Uzbekistan), and Sher Khan Bandar (from Tajikistan) are other key crossings, subject to change based on security and diplomatic statuses.
2. Overland Travel:
   • Overland routes can be complex and risky, often traversing difficult terrain and regions with security concerns.
   • Travelers should have all necessary visas and permits, comply with local laws, and be prepared for stringent security checks.

By Rail

• Rail Connections:
  • Afghanistan’s rail connections are limited and primarily used for freight.
  • There’s a rail link from Uzbekistan to Mazar-i-Sharif, but it’s mainly for cargo, and passenger services are not typically available for international travelers.

Important Considerations

• Travel Advisories: Always consult travel advisories from your government and international organizations, as conditions can change rapidly.
• Visas and Documentation: Ensure you have the correct visa and any required permits. Visa policies can vary widely, and obtaining a visa can be a complex process depending on your nationality and the purpose of visit.
• Local Laws and Customs: Familiarize yourself with local laws, customs, and cultural norms to avoid inadvertently offending or breaking the law.
• Security and Safety: The security situation is unpredictable. Travelers should have comprehensive security plans, travel insurance that covers high-risk destinations, and emergency contact arrangements.
• Health Precautions: Consult health advisories, get recommended vaccinations, and plan for medical emergencies, considering the limited healthcare infrastructure.

Top travel advisory online:

some of the most reputable and frequently consulted travel advisory websites. These sources are known for providing up-to-date travel warnings, safety tips, and visa requirements. For the most current travel advisories, you should visit their official websites:

1. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs: Offers travel advisories, visa information, and safety tips for U.S. citizens traveling abroad.
   • Website: travel.state.gov
2. Government of Canada – Travel Advice and Advisories: Provides detailed travel advice and advisories for Canadian citizens, including safety and security, entry and exit requirements, and health recommendations.
   • Website: travel.gc.ca
3. UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) Travel Advice: Offers travel advice and safety information for UK nationals traveling overseas.
   • Website: gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice
4. Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Smartraveller: Provides travel advice, tips, and information on safety and security for Australian travelers.
   • Website: smartraveller.gov.au
5. European Union – Travel and Safety: Offers access to travel advisories and safety tips provided by EU member states.
   • Website: Often, EU citizens are advised to check their own government’s travel advisory service, as there isn’t a centralized EU-wide platform. However, the EU does provide some general travel and safety tips.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travel Health Notices: While not a travel advisory site per se, the CDC provides important health notices and vaccination requirements for travelers, which can be crucial for planning safe travel.
   • Website: cdc.gov/travel

Mode of travel inside country

Air Travel:

• Domestic flights can be the safest and quickest way to move between major cities. Kabul, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Kandahar have operational airports with limited domestic services.
• Airlines such as Ariana Afghan Airlines and Kam Air offer internal flights, but it’s crucial to check their operational status and safety records.

Road Travel:

• Travel by road can be hazardous due to security concerns, road conditions, and the risk of IEDs or banditry. Main roads between major cities like Kabul to Mazar-i-Sharif may be more secure and regularly patrolled, but risks remain.
• Armored vehicles with a local driver familiar with the routes and current security conditions are recommended for essential travel.
• Checkpoints are common, and you should have all necessary documents and permissions at hand.

Public Transportation:

• Buses and shared taxis operate between cities but are generally not recommended for foreigners due to security risks.
• Local transportation within cities includes taxis, buses, and mini busses. Exercise caution and avoid crowded places

Tour Operators and Guides

Finding a reliable tour operator or guide in Afghanistan requires thorough research and a focus on safety. As of the latest information, tourism is minimal, and few international tour operators offer services in Afghanistan due to safety concerns. However, some key considerations include:

• Specialized Tour Operators: Look for operators that specialize in conflict zones or have a proven track record of operating in Afghanistan. They should prioritize safety and have robust security measures in place.
• Security Arrangements: Any tour operator or guide should be able to clearly articulate their security arrangements, including transportation, accommodations, and emergency plans.
• Local Knowledge: A knowledgeable local guide can be invaluable for navigating Afghanistan safely. They should understand the current security situation, cultural norms, and language.
• Check References: Ask for and check references from previous clients to gauge the reliability and safety record of the tour operator or guide.
• Government Advice: Consult your embassy or consulate for any advice or recommendations on traveling within Afghanistan and engaging local tour operators or guides.

Important Considerations

• Insurance: Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that covers travel in high-risk areas, including medical evacuation.
• Emergency Contacts: Keep a list of emergency contacts, including local authorities and your embassy or consulate.

Shopping in

Shopping in Afghanistan offers a glimpse into its rich cultural heritage, with bazaars and shops selling traditional crafts, textiles, and local produce. However, it’s crucial to prioritize safety and be aware of the current security situation. Here’s a brief overview of shopping in Afghanistan and some of the major bazaars known for various goods:

Major Bazaars

• Chicken Street (Kabul): Known for a wide range of handicrafts, antiques, rugs, and jewelry. It’s a popular spot for tourists, though caution is advised.
• Mandai Bazaar (Kabul): One of the oldest markets in Kabul, offering an authentic local shopping experience with a variety of goods.
• Lycee Maryam Street (Herat): Famous for traditional Herati glassware and handicrafts.
• Shar-e-Nau Park Area (Kabul): Offers modern and traditional shopping experiences, including clothing, electronics, and more.

Shopping Tips

• Bargaining: Bargaining is common practice in Afghan bazaars, so don’t hesitate to negotiate prices.
• Quality Check: For carpets, gemstones, and antiques, assess the quality and authenticity. Consider hiring a guide or consultant if you’re making significant purchases.

Best events & festivals you must attend

Afghanistan’s cultural calendar is marked by events and festivals that reflect its rich heritage and diverse communities. Here are some of the best events and festivals

1. Nowruz: Usher in the spring with Nowruz, the Persian New Year, amidst colorful festivities, traditional foods, and communal joy, marking new beginnings across Afghanistan.
2. Ashura: Immerse in the deep spiritual commemorations of Ashura, observing the Shiite community’s passion plays and processions in memory of Imam Hussein’s martyrdom.
3. Eid al-Fitr: Break the Ramadan fast with Eid al-Fitr, a day of feasting, prayers, and joy, bringing families and communities together in celebration.
4. Eid al-Adha: Participate in the Eid al-Adha festivities, sharing meals and moments in the Festival of Sacrifice, a profound expression of faith and generosity.
5. Mawlud al-Nabi: Honor the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday with special prayers and gatherings, celebrating his life and teachings in a spirit of devotion.
6. Red Flower Festival (Mazar-i-Sharif): Be dazzled by the blooming beauty of Mazar-i-Sharif during the Red Flower Festival, where tulips paint the landscape in vibrant hues.
7. Polo in Bamiyan: Feel the excitement of traditional polo matches against the backdrop of Bamiyan’s breathtaking cliffs, a sport steeped in history and local pride.
8. Independence Day: Express patriotic fervor on August 19th, commemorating Afghanistan’s independence with national pride, parades, and public speeches.
9. Jeshen (Harvest Festival): Revel in the Harvest Festival’s joy, marking the end of harvest season with music, dance, and communal feasting, celebrating nature’s bounty.
10. Simorgh Festival (Bamiyan): Experience the unity and creativity of the Simorgh Festival, bringing together artists and performers in the scenic valley of Bamiyan for a celebration of peace and cultural heritage.
11. Band-e-Amir Festival: Marvel at the natural splendor of Band-e-Amir during its festival, featuring local music, traditional sports, and activities that highlight the importance of environmental conservation.
12. Roz-e-Surkh (Red Day) in Mazar-i-Sharif: Join the thousands at the Blue Mosque to witness the sacred flag raising, a vibrant part of Nowruz celebrations symbolizing renewal and unity.
13. Kite Flying Festival: Look up to see Kabul’s skies adorned with colorful kites, a symbolic and joyful tradition that brings communities together, especially during Nowruz.
14. Grape Harvest Festival: Taste the sweetness of the grape harvest in regions like Parwan and Kandahar, where locals celebrate with tastings, music, and dance, honoring their viticultural heritage.
15. Nawroz Mela: Welcome spring with Nawroz melas, where Afghans enjoy traditional festivities, including music, dance, and culinary delights, in a vibrant expression of culture and community.
16. Faizabad Silk Road Festival: Step back in time at the Faizabad Silk Road Festival, celebrating Badakhshan’s historical ties to ancient trade routes with crafts, music, and foods that tell the story of Afghanistan’s rich trading past.

Best modes to stay..

Staying in Afghanistan offers a range of experiences, from traditional guesthouses to more modern accommodations in larger cities. The choice of stay greatly influences your experience of the country, its culture, and its people. Here’s a brief look at the modes of stay available in Afghanistan and the unique feel each offers:

Traditional Guesthouses (Hujras)

• Feel: Staying in a traditional Afghan guesthouse or a “hujra” offers an authentic experience. It’s a chance to immerse yourself in the local culture, hospitality, and traditional ways of living. These guesthouses are often simple, reflecting the norms of Afghan hospitality with a warm and welcoming atmosphere.
• Location: More common in rural areas and smaller towns.

Hotels

• Feel: In major cities like Kabul, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif, you can find hotels ranging from basic to more comfortable options. While offering a sense of security, these can also provide a glimpse into the urban Afghan lifestyle and hospitality. High-end hotels might offer a blend of modern amenities with traditional Afghan decor, giving a unique cultural feel.
• Location: Primarily in larger cities and towns.

Best Hotels of Country

1. Highland Hotel, Bamyan – A serene retreat known for its comfort and service.
2. Silk Road Hotel, Bamyan – Offers an authentic Afghan experience with great views and hospitality.
3. Nazary Hotel, Herat – Appreciated for solid security and comfortable stays.
4. Intercontinental Hotel Kabul, Kabul – A luxurious hotel with excellent food service and professional staff.
5. Norban Qala Guest House, Bamyan – Known for its comfortable rooms, excellent food, and lovely gardens.
6. Sikander Hotel, Herat – Features professional staff, excellent food, and free WiFi.
7. The Baron – Kabul, Kabul – A serene escape ideal for solo travelers seeking safety and tranquility.
8. Q Kabul Hotel, Kabul – Good for longer stays with decent rooms and free laundry.
9. Kabul City Walk Hotel, Kabul – A comfortable and convenient downtown hotel.
10. Park Star Hotel, Kabul – Offers great security and spacious rooms but is otherwise average.
11. Kabul Serena Hotel, Kabul – A sanctuary of style and serenity in the heart of Kabul, with luxurious accommodations and superb cuisine

NGO and International Organization Compounds

• Feel: For those working with or visiting NGOs or international organizations, staying within a compound can feel quite insulated from the everyday life outside. These accommodations often offer higher security and standard living conditions but can limit direct cultural immersion.
• Location: Across various parts of Afghanistan, especially in areas with significant international presence.

In Afghanistan, organizations like the ICRC, UN agencies (UNAMA, UNDP), and NGOs (MSF, IRC, Save the Children) operate compounds, mainly in Kabul and other provinces, for their operations. These compounds provide secure accommodations for their staff and guests, offering basic to comfortable lodging, dining, and sometimes leisure activities within a secure environment.

These facilities are not publicly listed as hotels and are typically accessible only to organization personnel and their guests. For general travelers, it’s recommended to stay in registered hotels or guesthouses that are equipped to cater to international visitors, ensuring security and necessary amenities.

Private Homes

• Feel: Being hosted in a private home is perhaps the most immersive way to experience Afghan culture and hospitality. It allows for direct engagement with Afghan families, participation in daily routines, and enjoyment of homemade Afghan cuisine. This mode of stay offers a profound sense of connection and understanding of Afghan family life.
• Location: Nationwide, though more common through personal connections or arrangements.

Public Holidays

Here are the public holidays observed in Afghanistan. Note that the exact dates for Islamic holidays vary each year based on the lunar calendar and local sightings of the moon.

1. New Year’s Day (Nawroz) – March 21
2. Victory Day – April 28
3. Labor Day – May 1
4. Eid al-Fitr – Date varies (celebrated at the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting)
5. Afghanistan Independence Day – August 19
6. Eid al-Adha – Date varies (known as the Festival of Sacrifice, it takes place approximately 70 days after the end of Ramadan)
7. Ashura – Date varies (commemorates the martyrdom of Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala)
8. Mawlid al-Nabi (Birth of the Prophet) – Date varies (celebrates the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad)

Additionally, there might be other regional or specific holidays observed in different parts of Afghanistan, reflecting the diverse cultural and religious heritage of the country. It’s also common for the government to announce holidays related to voting or significant national events.

Air ways

Afghanistan’s aviation sector revolves around key airports like Kabul’s Hamid Karzai International, with others in major cities such as Kandahar and Herat. The sector provides essential passenger, cargo, and military flight services. Challenges include security, infrastructure, and regulatory issues, affecting connectivity and efficiency. Domestic and limited international flights connect Afghanistan internally and with the world. Ongoing efforts aim to improve safety, reliability, and expansion in air travel services

Major Airports

Afghanistan hosts several airports, including international and domestic ones. Here is a list of some of the notable airports across the country:

1. Hamid Karzai International Airport (KBL) – Located in Kabul, it’s the main international gateway to the country.
2. Kandahar International Airport (KDH) – Serves the city of Kandahar, it’s both a military and a civilian airport.
3. Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport (MZR) – Located in Mazar-i-Sharif, it handles international and domestic flights.
4. Herat International Airport (HEA) – Serves the city of Herat, with flights to domestic and a few international destinations.
5. Balkh Airport – Located in Balkh, mainly serves domestic flights.
6. Jalalabad Airport (JAA) – Located in Jalalabad, serving mainly domestic flights.
7. Kunduz Airport (UND) – Serves the city of Kunduz, mainly for domestic flights.
8. Bamyan Airport – Located in Bamyan, this airport is mainly for domestic travel.
9. Fayzabad Airport (FBD) – Serves Fayzabad, primarily for domestic flights.

This list is not exhaustive, as Afghanistan has several other smaller airports and airfields used for domestic travel and military purposes. The availability of flights and services can vary greatly depending on the region and current operational statuses.

Main Airlines

Below is list of some International airlines which subjected to actual availability

1. Emirates – Provided connections to Dubai and beyond.
2. Turkish Airlines – Offered flights between Kabul and Istanbul, serving as a major link to Europe and other destinations.
3. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) – Connected Kabul with cities in Pakistan.
4. Air India – Operated flights between Delhi and Kabul.
5. Flydubai – Offered services between Dubai and Kabul.
6. Qatar Airways – Connected Doha with Kabul, facilitating access to global destinations.

Several airlines operate within Afghanistan, offering both domestic and international flights. The landscape of air carriers in country can change due to regulatory, economic, and security conditions. Here are some of the main airlines:

1. Ariana Afghan Airlines – The national carrier of Afghanistan, offering domestic and international flights.
2. Kam Air – A private airline based in Kabul, providing a significant number of domestic flights as well as international services.
3. Afghan Jet International – Focuses on domestic routes and has plans to expand internationally.
4. Bakhtar Afghan Airlines – Formerly known as East Horizon Airlines, it operates domestic flights within Afghanistan.

Best travel tips to consider

Traveling to Afghanistan requires meticulous preparation and an acute awareness of the environment. Here’s a comprehensive guide to ensure your journey is as safe and informed as possible:

Security Awareness: Continuously monitor the evolving security landscape through trusted news outlets and your home country’s embassy updates.

Local Insights: Establish connections with organizations or individuals on the ground for the latest advice on safe areas and travel logistics.

Documentation: Keep your travel documents, including passport and visa, secure and accessible. Always have photocopies or digital copies as backups.

Health Precautions: Consult with a travel health specialist for necessary vaccinations and health advice well before your trip. Carry a personal medical kit and prioritize hygiene to avoid illness.

Cultural Sensitivity: Embrace Afghanistan’s conservative norms by dressing modestly and respecting local customs. Understanding and respecting cultural and religious practices is crucial.

Effective Communication: Ensure you have reliable communication tools. A local SIM card can be invaluable, though service may be intermittent in remote areas.

Insurance Coverage: Opt for comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation. Verify that the policy covers travel within Afghanistan.

Crowd Caution: Stay away from large gatherings and crowded places, which may be more vulnerable to security threats.

Emergency Readiness: Develop an emergency response plan. Inform someone of your travel itinerary and maintain regular check-ins.

Financial Preparedness: Anticipate limited access to banking facilities. Carry enough cash in local currency, safeguarded against theft.

Choose Secure Lodgings: Select accommodations with robust security measures. Facilities should have controlled access and, ideally, emergency response plans.

Transport Wisdom: Utilize trusted and knowledgeable local drivers, avoiding night travel. Stay informed about the conditions and security of your planned routes.

Language Prep: Knowing basic Dari or Pashto phrases can enhance your experience and facilitate essential interactions.

Photography Sensitivity: Exercise discretion with photography, especially around government or military installations.

Navigate Checkpoints Carefully: Carry identification at all times and cooperate with security personnel at checkpoints.

Avoid High-risk Zones: Stay informed about which regions are currently considered unsafe and plan your travel accordingly.

Maintain Contact Lists: Keep a handy list of essential contacts, including your embassy, local emergency services, and personal contacts back home.

Mental Health Matters: Recognize the psychological impact of traveling in high-risk areas. Have strategies for stress management and know how to seek support.

Community Connection: Engage with fellow travelers or expats with recent experiences in Afghanistan for firsthand advice and insights.

Pre-travel Briefing: If your trip is work-related, insist on a detailed security briefing from your organization that covers location-specific guidelines.

Study in

Top universities

Afghanistan’s higher education sector has expanded significantly over the past few decades, Here are some of the top universities in Afghanistan, known for their academic programs, research, and contributions to education and society:

1. Kabul University – Established in 1931, Kabul University is the oldest and one of the most prestigious universities in Afghanistan, offering a wide range of faculties including social sciences, humanities, law, and engineering.
2. American University of Afghanistan (AUAF) – Founded in 2006, AUAF is a private, non-profit institution offering undergraduate and graduate programs modeled on American higher education, emphasizing liberal arts and critical thinking.
3. Herat University – One of the largest universities in Afghanistan, located in Herat. It has multiple faculties, including agriculture, economics, engineering, and computer science.
4. Balkh University – Located in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh University is one of the major higher education institutions in the country, with faculties in various disciplines including medicine, engineering, and literature.
5. Kardan University – Kardan University is the first privately-owned university in Afghanistan, established in Kabul, offering degrees in business administration, economics, law, and computer science among others.
6. Nangarhar University – Situated in Jalalabad, it is recognized for its strong programs in medicine, agriculture, engineering, and economics.
7. Kandahar University – Located in Kandahar, it offers various programs including education, engineering, medicine, and agriculture.
8. Shaikh Zayed University – Based in Khost, it provides education in fields like sharia law, engineering, economics, and literature.
9. Paktia University – Located in Gardez, Paktia Province, offering courses in economics, agriculture, education, and more.
10. Polytechnic University of Kabul – Specializing in engineering and technical fields, it is known for producing skilled engineers and technical professionals.

Work in

Job opportunities

In Afghanistan, the job landscape is shaped by various factors, with certain sectors offering more opportunities than others, despite facing challenges like security concerns and a limited industrial base. Here’s a condensed overview:

Agriculture: This sector employs a significant portion of the population, with roles ranging from farming to agribusiness development.

Construction and Infrastructure: Opportunities exist in construction, engineering, and urban planning due to rebuilding efforts.

Security and Defense: Jobs are available in national defense and private security, reflecting the country’s security needs.

Education and Training: There’s demand for teachers and trainers, driven by educational improvement initiatives.

Healthcare: The healthcare sector offers roles for medical professionals to address public health needs.

International Aid and NGOs: Many jobs are linked to development projects in health, education, and rural development.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Emerging opportunities in IT and digital services as the sector grows.

Banking and Finance: The growing economy creates roles in banking, finance, and microfinance services.

Challenges include security issues, a skills mismatch in the workforce, and an economy heavily reliant on international aid. The job market’s future hinges on stabilizing the economy, enhancing security, and investing in sectors poised for growth, like ICT.

Best companies/Orgs for Jobseekers

Here’s a list of some top entities known for providing job opportunities,

1. Ariana Afghan Airlines – National airline, offering roles in aviation, customer service, and logistics.
2. Roshan – Leading telecommunications provider, known for its innovation in mobile services and community development projects.
3. American University of Afghanistan (AUAF) – Prestigious educational institution, offering academic, administrative, and support roles.
4. Afghan Wireless Communication Company (AWCC) – First mobile phone company in Afghanistan, offering various positions in telecom and IT.
5. Kabul Bank – One of the largest commercial banks, providing opportunities in banking, finance, and customer service.
6. International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) & NATO – While their direct presence has varied over time, they have provided numerous jobs in security, logistics, and support roles.
7. United Nations (UN) Agencies – Including UNDP, WHO, and UNICEF, offering jobs in development, health, and education.
8. Handicap International – NGO focusing on support for disabled individuals, providing roles in healthcare, advocacy, and administration.
9. Save the Children – International NGO focusing on child welfare, offering opportunities in education, health, and program management.
10. ACBAR (Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief) – An umbrella organization for NGOs in Afghanistan, offering diverse roles in development, relief, and administrative positions.

Top job portals

1. ACBAR (Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief and Development)
   • Description: Offers a range of NGO and development sector jobs.
   • Link: http://www.acbar.org
2. Jobs.af
   • Description: A leading job portal for finding employment opportunities across different sectors in Afghanistan.
   • Link: https://www.jobs.af
3. ReliefWeb
   • Description: Provides humanitarian job listings, including many opportunities in Afghanistan.
   • Link: https://reliefweb.int
4. LinkedIn
   • Description: A global networking site that also lists jobs in Afghanistan across various industries.
   • Link: https://www.linkedin.com
5. UN Jobs
   • Description: Lists job openings in United Nations agencies, many of which are located in Afghanistan.
   • Link: https://unjobs.org
6. Job.af
   • Description: Another popular job search site offering a variety of positions in Afghanistan.
   • Link: https://www.job.af

Media

The media landscape in Afghanistan is marked by its dynamic nature and the significant challenges it faces, including security concerns and political pressures. Despite these challenges, the media sector has experienced considerable growth since 2001, following decades of conflict.

Bestseller books about Afghanistan

1. “The Bookseller of Kabul” by Åsne Seierstad – Offers a journalist’s intimate look at an Afghan family’s daily life post-Taliban rule.
2. “The Places in Between” by Rory Stewart – A gripping travelogue of the author’s journey on foot across Afghanistan in 2002.
3. “I Am Malala” by Malala Yousafzai – The powerful memoir of a young girl’s fight for education against Taliban oppression.
4. “The Breadwinner” by Deborah Ellis – A compelling young adult novel about a girl’s struggle to support her family in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.
5. “No Good Men Among the Living” by Anand Gopal – Provides a poignant look at the Afghan War through the eyes of its local participants.
6. “Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan” by William Dalrymple – A historical account of the First Anglo-Afghan War, drawing parallels to the present.
7. “Kabul Beauty School” by Deborah Rodriguez – Chronicles the author’s experiences running a beauty school in Kabul, highlighting the lives of Afghan women she encountered.

Art

Afghanistan’s art is a vibrant blend of historical influences and contemporary expression, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage and current societal themes:

• Historical Legacy: Art spanning from ancient Indus Valley pottery to Greek, Buddhist, Persian, and Hindu influences.
• Islamic Art: Notable for intricate calligraphy, architecture, and miniature paintings.
• Silk Road Influence: A crossroads of culture, leading to a unique artistic fusion.
• Contemporary Themes: Modern art explores resilience, identity, and social issues, with increasing female participation.
• Traditional Crafts: Famous for carpet weaving, showcasing exquisite designs and craftsmanship.
• Global Recognition: Despite challenges, Afghan art thrives, blending tradition with modernity, and gaining international attention.

Expression of Art

Modes of art expression in Afghanistan encompass a rich array of forms, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural heritage and contemporary issues:

1. Calligraphy and Miniature Painting: Traditional Islamic art forms, revered for their beauty and spiritual significance.
2. Sculpture: Ancient to modern sculptures, reflecting a blend of cultural influences over millennia.
3. Carpet Weaving: World-renowned Afghan carpets, known for intricate designs and craftsmanship.
4. Ceramics: Historic and contemporary pottery with distinctive glazes and motifs.
5. Street Art: Emerging urban art, often commenting on social issues and the role of women in society.
6. Photography: Documenting Afghanistan’s landscape, people, and ongoing societal changes.
7. Textiles: Including embroidery and traditional clothing, showcasing detailed work and vibrant patterns.
8. Music and Dance: Traditional forms preserving the country’s musical heritage, alongside contemporary adaptations.
9. Film and Theatre: Reviving industries that explore Afghan stories, history, and daily life challenges.
10. Digital Art: A growing field, with artists using technology to create and disseminate their work globally.

Best music albums

Identifying the “best” music album from Afghanistan can be subjective due to diverse musical tastes and the rich tapestry of Afghan music genres, However, several albums and artists have gained notable recognition for their contribution to Afghan music, both domestically and internationally. Here are a few noteworthy mentions:

1. “Radio Kaboul” by Ahmad Zahir – Often hailed as the “Afghan Elvis,” Ahmad Zahir’s albums, including live performances compiled in “Radio Kaboul,” remain iconic for their fusion of traditional Afghan music with modern pop influences.
2. “Unforgettable Songs” by Ahmad Zahir – A collection of hits by Ahmad Zahir, showcasing his profound impact on Afghan music with his deep, emotive voice and modern musical arrangements.
3. “Afghan Star: Hits of 1387” – Compilation albums from the “Afghan Star” TV show, featuring contemporary hits by emerging artists, reflecting the current musical trends in Afghanistan.
4. “Songs of Love and Devotion from Afghanistan” by Ustad Mohammad Omar – Featuring the masterful rabab playing of Ustad Mohammad Omar, this album is a testament to the rich classical music tradition of Afghanistan.
5. “Trance Therapy” by Farhad Darya – Farhad Darya is known for blending Afghan folk music with modern sounds, and this album is celebrated for its innovative approach and deep, thoughtful lyrics.
6. “Atish” by Nashenas – Dr. Sadiq Fitrat Nashenas is one of Afghanistan’s legendary vocalists, and his album “Atish” showcases classic Afghan music with poetic lyricism.
7. “Gulha-e-Rangarang” – A compilation of performances from the Afghan National Radio archive, “Gulha-e-Rangarang” features various artists and represents the golden era of Afghan music.

Best books from Afghanistan

Books from Afghanistan offer insights into the country’s complex history, rich culture, and the resilience of its people amidst decades of conflict. Here’s a selection of notable works that include both fiction and non-fiction, providing diverse perspectives on Afghan life:

1. “The Kite Runner” by Khaled Hosseini – A compelling tale of friendship, betrayal, and redemption set against the backdrop of Afghanistan’s turbulent history.
2. “A Thousand Splendid Suns” by Khaled Hosseini – This novel explores the intertwined lives of two Afghan women, highlighting their struggles and resilience.
3. “And the Mountains Echoed” by Khaled Hosseini – A multi-generational family story that delves into the complexities of love, sacrifice, and moral compromise.
4. “The Patience Stone” by Atiq Rahimi – A poignant narrative that centers around an Afghan woman’s reflections on her life and marriage, set against the backdrop of war.

Top Afghan Newspapers

1. The Kabul Times: National and international news, sports, business. Website
2. Afghanistan Times: Covers socio-political dynamics, international impacts. Website
3. Bakhtar News Agency: Broad news coverage, emphasizing accuracy. Website
4. Pajhwok Afghan News: Local news, features, investigative reporting. Website
5. Khaama Press: Political, security, and social news; focuses also on refugees and women’s rights. Website
6. Daily Outlook Afghanistan: Kabul-based English newspaper active from 2004 to 2021.
7. Afghan Islamic Press: An independent news agency since 1982, offering news in English and Pashto.

Visual Arts

Afghanistan’s visual arts are a rich blend of historical and contemporary influences, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural heritage.

Ancient artifacts and Islamic architectural decorations showcase the influence of the Silk Road. Contemporary art often explores themes of conflict and resilience, telling stories of the nation’s challenges and hopes.

Afghan handicrafts, including textiles and ceramics, are economically significant and globally renowned for their craftsmanship. Institutions and initiatives promote and preserve this vibrant artistic legacy, ensuring its ongoing contribution to the global art scene.

Here are Some organization for visual arts:

1. AVAH (Afghan Visual Arts and History) aims to research, curate, collaborate, and mediate matters and materials on Afghan visual culture, arts, and history. It engages critically with Afghan and Afghan-diasporic themes at the nexus of mainly visual culture and cultural production​​. Visit: avah.info.
2. The Afghan National Gallery was created in May 1983 under the Ministry of Information and Culture. It hosts 200 paintings of contemporary Afghan artists and ancient paintings, working as part of the National Art Directorate​​. Visit ang.af.

Magazines

Here are some prominent Afghan magazines

1. Afghan Culture Unveiled – Celebrates Afghanistan’s culture, people, and food. It provides insights into Afghan traditions and customs through various forms of content. www.afghancultureunveiled.com
2. Afghan Academy International – An educational, cultural, arts, and social group working in the UK to support Afghans globally. It aims to enhance understanding and appreciation of Afghan culture. www.afghanacademy.org.uk
3. Afghan Art, Film & Media Foundation – Supports and promotes Afghan art and cinema worldwide through exhibitions, film festivals, and educational opportunities. www.afghanacademy.org.uk
4. Afghanistan International: Provides in-depth news, analysis, and opinions on Afghanistan, covering areas such as politics, economy, foreign policy, and military issues. www.afintl.com

Movies on Afghanistan

To gain a deeper understanding of Afghanistan’s rich culture, history, and the resilience of its people, here’s a curated list of films spanning various genres and narratives:

1. The Kite Runner (2007): A journey of friendship and redemption set against Afghanistan’s changing political landscape.
2. Osama (2003): The struggles of a girl under Taliban rule, masquerading as a boy to support her family.
3. Kabul Express (2006): A comedic adventure through post-Taliban Afghanistan highlighting the region’s complexities.
4. Buzkashi Boys (2012): Two boys in Kabul dream of becoming buzkashi riders, reflecting on aspirations amidst adversity.
5. A Thousand Splendid Suns (2023): The intertwined lives of two women against the backdrop of Afghanistan’s tumultuous history.
6. In This World (2002): The perilous journey of two Afghan refugees aiming for a new life in the UK.
7. The Breadwinner (2017): An animated tale of a girl’s bravery and the power of storytelling in Taliban-era Afghanistan.
8. Lone Survivor (2013): The harrowing survival story of a Navy SEAL team in Afghanistan, based on true events.
9. Restrepo (2010): An unfiltered documentary on the life of U.S. soldiers in one of Afghanistan’s deadliest valleys.
10. The Patience Stone (2012): A woman reveals her deepest secrets to her comatose husband amid war, exploring themes of resilience.

Digital libraries

Here are some key digital libraries focused on Afghanistan, offering a wealth of resources. These platforms serve as valuable repositories of Afghan publications, cultural heritage, making them accessible worldwide.

1. Afghanistan Digital Library: Aimed at retrieving and restoring works published in Afghanistan between 1870 and 1930, this library’s goal is to digitize and provide access to as many of these publications as possible. afghanistandl.nyu.edu
2. Digital Library of Afghanistan (AG Library): This digital library offers a variety of resources including video lectures, books, and audio lectures, facilitating research and academic studies. aglibrary.gov.af
3. Afghanistan Center at Kabul University (ACKU): ACKU’s mission includes promoting literacy and facilitating research through its archives and digital library, holding over 200,000 documents, with a significant portion available digitally. acku.edu.af

Food & Drink

Afghan cuisine is a delectable journey through centuries of culinary traditions, marked by fragrant spices, rich flavors, and hearty dishes

• Rich Fusion: Combines South Asian, Persian, and Central Asian influences, reflecting a diverse cultural heritage.
• Communal Meals: Emphasizes hospitality and generosity, with shared dishes.
• Fragrant Spices and Hearty Dishes: Features bread, rice, meats, and vegetables, often seasoned with spices like saffron, cardamom, and cumin.

Must try food dishes

• Bolani: A feast for the senses, these stuffed flatbreads come alive with spiced potatoes, leeks, or pumpkin, pan-fried to crispy perfection.
• Ashak: Celebrate the green bounty with these leek-filled dumplings, bathed in garlic-yogurt sauce and sprinkled with mint, a testament to Afghanistan’s love for fresh herbs.
• Borani Banjan: Savor the richness of eggplant, layered with tangy tomato sauce and cool, creamy yogurt, a symphony of textures and tastes.
• Kadoo Bouranee: Sweet, tender pumpkin glazed in a sugary garlic sauce, crowned with yogurt and dried mint, offering a melody of sweet and savory notes.
• Sabzi Chalaw: A vibrant dish of spinach cooked with fragrant spices, served alongside fluffy rice, embodying simplicity and depth of flavor.
• Afghan Salad: A refreshing ensemble of diced tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, and herbs, dressed in lemon juice and olive oil, capturing the freshness of Afghan produce.

Must try Drinks

Here are Afghanistan’s beloved drinks, each sip brimming with tradition and taste:

• Doogh: A revitalizing yogurt-based beverage, mingled with mint and cucumber, offering a cool respite from the heat, embodying the essence of Afghan hospitality.
• Sheer Chai (Pink Tea): Unique and visually striking, this tea blends green tea leaves with baking soda and milk to achieve its characteristic pink hue, a celebration of flavor and color.
• Afghan Chai: Steeped in tradition, this black tea, often spiced with cardamom or cinnamon, is a daily ritual, inviting moments of peace and contemplation.
• Dogh: Another variant of the yogurt drink, sometimes carbonated and seasoned with dried mint and a pinch of salt, serving as a refreshing counterpart to the rich Afghan cuisine.
• Aush: a versatile Afghan delight that can be enjoyed as a light, savory broth. This warming soup, brimming with legumes, herbs, and spices
• Sharbat : a traditional Afghan drink known for its cooling properties. Made from fruits, herbs, and flower petals, often sweetened and sometimes mixed with water or milk, Sharbat is a celebration of natural flavors, offering a sweet escape from the summer heat.

Economy

Navigating through the rugged terrains and the echoes of ancient trade routes, Afghanistan’s economy paints a picture of resilience, rich natural resources, and untapped potential. Here’s an overview, highlighting its distinct economic features and challenges:

• Agricultural Backbone: Dominates the economy, with wheat, fruits (especially pomegranates and grapes), and nuts leading the production. Livestock also plays a critical role.
• Mineral Wealth: Afghanistan is rich in minerals like lithium, iron, copper, and rare earth elements, offering untapped potential for future economic development.
• Silk Road Legacy: Once a pivotal trade route, its historical significance hints at Afghanistan’s potential as a trade and transit hub connecting Central and South Asia.
• Craftsmanship and Carpets: Renowned for exquisite handwoven carpets and textiles, showcasing Afghanistan’s rich cultural heritage and craftsmanship.
• Challenges and Adaptation: Faces significant economic challenges, including political instability, security issues, and reliance on international aid. However, there’s a growing emphasis on sustainable development and economic diversification.
• Informal Economy: A substantial part of the economy, including small-scale enterprises and trade, plays a vital role in employment and livelihoods.
• International Aid and Investment: Continues to rely heavily on international aid, with efforts to attract investment in key sectors like mining, agriculture, and energy.

Agriculture

• Predominant Sector: Agriculture employs the majority of the population, crucial for livelihood and economic stability.
• Irrigation Dependency: The sector heavily relies on traditional and modern irrigation systems due to the arid and semi-arid climate.
• Key Crops:
  • Wheat: The staple food, widely cultivated across various provinces.
  • Fruits: Afghanistan is famous for its pomegranates, grapes, apricots, and melons, known for their quality and taste.
  • Nuts: Almonds, walnuts, and pistachios are significant for both domestic consumption and export.
• Saffron: Known for producing high-quality saffron, offering a lucrative alternative to traditional crops.
• Livestock: An essential component, with sheep, goats, and cattle being central to rural livelihoods, providing meat, milk, and wool.
• Challenges: Despite its potential, the sector faces challenges like water scarcity, limited infrastructure, and market access issues.

Industrial Sector

Afghanistan’s industrial sector, though nascent, is a vital component of its economy with a focus on utilizing local resources and addressing domestic needs. Here’s a concise overview :

• Emerging Stage: The industrial sector is in a developmental phase, with efforts to rebuild and expand post-conflict.
• Small Scale and Artisanal: Characterized by small-scale industries and traditional artisanal crafts, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage.
• Main Industries:
  • Textiles and Garments: Production of traditional clothing and textiles, leveraging Afghanistan’s history of craftsmanship.
  • Carpets: World-renowned Afghan carpets and rugs, a significant export product handmade by skilled artisans.
  • Agricultural Processing: Includes processing of fruits, nuts, and dairy products to add value to the primary agricultural produce.
  • Construction Materials: Production of cement, bricks, and other construction materials to support rebuilding efforts.
• Mining and Minerals: Potential growth area, with Afghanistan’s rich deposits of minerals like lithium, iron, and copper being gradually explored for industrial use.
• Challenges: Infrastructure deficits, limited access to technology, and security concerns impact industrial growth and development.

Service sector

Afghanistan’s service sector is a crucial engine of growth and diversification for its economy, reflecting a mix of traditional practices and modern developments. Here’s a point-to-point overview highlighting its main components:

• Telecommunications: Rapid growth in mobile telephony and internet services, connecting people within Afghanistan and to the global community.
• Banking and Finance: Development of banking services, including Islamic banking, catering to the growing needs of businesses and individuals.
• Transportation: Key for domestic mobility and international trade, with efforts to improve road, air, and rail links.
• Tourism: Potential growth area, with Afghanistan’s rich history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty, though currently limited by security concerns.
• Retail and Trade: Expansion of local markets and shops, alongside a growing presence of supermarkets and malls in urban areas.
• Education and Health Services: Increasing focus on improving access to quality education and healthcare facilities for the Afghan population.
• Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Significant presence, providing a range of services from humanitarian aid to development projects.

Financial sector

The finance sector in Afghanistan is currently navigating through a period of significant uncertainty and challenges, with a few key points highlighting the current situation

• Economic Fragility: The economy is brittle, shrinking 25% in two years, hindered by external dependence and strict socio-economic policies​​.
• Banking Stress: Banks are in crisis, limited to basic withdrawals due to liquidity shortages, shaken by Kabul’s fall in 2021​​.
• Policy Uncertainty: Exchange rate chaos reigns, with the central bank’s float regime teetering amid policy confusion and market fears​​.
• Trade Imbalance: Despite export growth, a gaping trade deficit persists, compounded by import costs doubling against minimal export increases​​.

key opportunities

Afghanistan’s financial frontier is ripe with “digital dawn” opportunities amidst its economic challenges:

1. Inclusion Revolution: Spearheading a financial inclusion strategy to slash exclusion, aiming for a future where banking is not just a privilege but a norm for everyone, including the underserved and women​​.
2. Digital Leap: Eyeing to double bank account ownership through a digital push, aiming to turn every mobile into a potential bank​​.
3. Innovation Hub: The Afghanistan Payments Conference sets the stage for brainstorming on next-gen payment solutions, turning challenges into springboards for financial innovation​​.
4. Partnership Pathways: A clarion call for collaboration with private sectors to reinvent and refine payment systems, making financial transactions smoother and more secure​​.
5. Sector Stabilization: Tackling liquidity crises and policy puzzles, with a renewed focus on regulatory revamp and staff rejuvenation, setting sights on a stable and thriving financial ecosystem​​.

In essence, Afghanistan’s financial sector is on the brink of a transformative era, harnessing digital innovation and inclusive strategies to light up the economic landscape.

Major Banks of Afghanistan

overview of major banks in Afghanistan and their official links for more information:

• Da Afghanistan Bank (Central Bank) : This bank is steering monetary policy and banking regulation: Website
• Bank Millie Afghan (State-Owned): Offering a range of traditional banking services across the nation. Website
• Pashtany Bank (State-Owned): Website
• New Kabul Bank (State-Owned): Website
• Islamic Bank of Afghanistan: Website
• Afghanistan International Bank: Website
• Azizi Bank: Website
• Maiwand Bank: Website
• First MicroFinance Bank-Afghanistan: Website
• Ghazanfar Bank: Website
• Afghan United Bank: Website

Labor sector

The labor force in Afghanistan was reported at approximately 8.8 million in 2022.

This data, compiled from officially recognized sources by the World Bank, provides insight into the scale of Afghanistan’s labor market.

For more detailed information and trends on Afghanistan’s labor force, visit the World Bank’s data portal here.

Tax system

Afghanistan’s tax system has been modernizing, featuring significant reforms to boost compliance and efficiency.

Key highlights include the adoption of electronic filing to streamline the tax process and improve transparency.

The Afghanistan Revenue Department oversees tax administration, providing various e-services to facilitate tax-related procedures. This modern approach aims at better tax collection to fund public infrastructure and services.

For a brief overview and further details, visit the Afghanistan Revenue Department’s official site

Energy

The energy sector in Afghanistan is characterized by significant potential yet faces substantial challenges.

The country possesses vast renewable energy resources, including hydroelectric power, solar, and wind energy, which remain largely untapped.

Despite this potential, Afghanistan experiences frequent power shortages and relies heavily on imported electricity to meet its energy demands.

Efforts are underway to expand energy access and infrastructure, with a focus on leveraging domestic renewable resources to achieve energy independence and sustainability.

Transportation

Afghanistan’s transportation sector, pivotal for its economic development, faces challenges such as rugged terrain and security concerns.

The country’s network includes limited railways, crucial roadways like the Ring Road enhancing connectivity, and several airports facilitating international and domestic flights.

Efforts are underway to improve and expand this infrastructure, aiming for better regional integration and economic growth.

communication

Afghanistan’s communication sector has seen rapid growth, notably in mobile telephony and internet services.

The country has multiple mobile operators and a growing number of internet users, thanks to expanding 3G and 4G services.

Despite challenges such as rugged terrain and security issues, efforts continue to enhance connectivity across remote areas, aiming for broader access to communication services and digital inclusion.

Major Mobile network & Internet service provider

Major internet connectivity providers in Afghanistan include:

• Afghan Wireless: One of the key players in Afghanistan’s telecommunications sector, offering a wide range of services. Link
• Etisalat: Known for its comprehensive coverage and speed, Etisalat has been highlighted for its download speed experience. Link
• MTN: MTN has been noted for sharing the upload speed experience , indicating its strong performance in the sector. Link
• Roshan: Another significant provider, Roshan, is part of a three-way tie for 4G Availability with Etisalat and AWCC, showing its competitive presence in the market. Link
• AWCC: The Afghan Wireless Communication Company is also a major player, sharing first place finishes with Etisalat in various performance metrics. Link

Sports

Sports in Afghanistan paint a vibrant tapestry of cultural heritage and emerging global influences. Cricket and football reign supreme, capturing national fervor, with cricket’s rise to prominence marked by remarkable achievements on the international stage.

Traditional sports like Buzkashi, an exhilarating horseback game, remain deeply woven into the fabric of Afghan society, showcasing the nation’s rich cultural legacy.

• Cricket Craze: Afghanistan’s cricket team, has captured hearts globally, showcasing stellar rises in international competitions. visit
• Football Fervor: The national passion, football thrives from dusty streets to structured leagues, symbolizing unity and collective dreams. visit
• Buzkashi Tradition: A thrilling horseback sport, Buzkashi, with its rugged charm, remains a testament to Afghanistan’s rich cultural tapestry.
• Emerging Talents: Young athletes are venturing into new arenas, from basketball courts to athletic tracks, igniting a wave of sports diversification.
• Global Influences: Expatriates returning home infuse international flavors into the local sports scene, enriching it with varied disciplines.
• Community Cohesion: Sports serve as a beacon of hope and community strength, bridging divides and fostering a sense of national pride.

History

Glimpse of important Historical timeline :

1. 6th Century BCE: Part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
2. 13th Century: Mongol invasion by Genghis Khan.
3. 1747: Establishment of the Afghan Empire by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
4. 19th Century: Buffer state in “The Great Game” between British Empire and Tsarist Russia.
5. 1919: Afghanistan gains independence from British influence after the Third Anglo-Afghan War.
6. 2001: Fall of the Taliban regime following U.S.-led intervention.
7. 2021: Taliban regains control after the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces.

Remarkable eras of Afghanistan

• 1940s: Afghanistan remained neutral during WWII. This era was marked by cautious modernization efforts under King Zahir Shah.
• 1950s: The decade saw increased Soviet influence and economic aid, alongside the U.S. assistance, marking the Cold War’s impact on Afghanistan.
• 1960s: Introduction of a new constitution in 1964, leading to a brief period of democratization and social liberalization.
• 1970s-1980s: This period witnessed the Saur Revolution, leading to the Soviet invasion in 1979 and ensuing conflict.
• 1990s: Civil war followed by Taliban control.
• 2000s: U.S.-led intervention in 2001 ousted the Taliban, followed by a long period of conflict and reconstruction efforts.
• 2020s: Increased conflict amidst U.S.-Taliban peace talks, leading to an agreement on foreign troop withdrawal. The year was also marked by political instability and growing security challenges nationwide.

Top historical personalities

Afghanistan, with its rich and complex history that spans over millennia, has been a cradle for many influential figures who have played pivotal roles not just in the history of Afghanistan but also in the broader historical contexts of Asia and the world. Here are some of the top historical personalities from Afghanistan, spanning various fields and epochs.

These individuals significantly influenced Afghanistan’s formation, cultural heritage, and international relations through their various contributions. here’s a concise overview of the notable historical personalities from Afghanistan and their key contributions:

1. Ahmad Shah Durrani (1722-1772): Founder of the Durrani Empire, known as the Father of the Afghan nation for establishing the modern state of Afghanistan.
2. Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur (1483-1530): Founder of the Mughal Empire, utilized Afghanistan as a base for conquests, and contributed to literature and architecture.
3. Mahmud of Ghazni (971-1030): Expanded the Ghaznavid Empire, known for raids into the Indian subcontinent which significantly influenced the spread of Islam.
4. Abdul Rahman Khan (1844-1901): The Iron Amir, modernized Afghanistan and defended its sovereignty against British imperial pressures.
5. Mirwais Hotak (1673-1715): Established the Hotak dynasty by rebelling against the Safavids, leading to Afghan independence in the early 18th century.
6. Nancy Hatch Dupree (1927-2017): Dedicated to preserving Afghanistan’s cultural heritage, authored numerous books on Afghan culture and history.
7. Al-Biruni (973-1048): Made significant contributions in anthropology, mathematics, and astronomy, and extensively studied the Indian subcontinent.
8. Amanullah Khan (1892-1960): Led Afghanistan to independence from British influence and initiated modernization reforms.

Interesting historical facts

1. Cradle of Buddhism: Before the rise of Islam, Afghanistan was a center of Buddhist culture, with ancient monasteries and stupas dotting the landscape.
2. Invaders and Empires: Afghanistan has been invaded and ruled by numerous empires, including the Achaemenids, Greeks, Kushans, Sassanians, Arabs, Mongols, and Mughals.
3. The “Great Game”: In the 19th century, Afghanistan became a pawn in the power struggle between the British and Russian Empires, known as the “Great Game,” leading to the country’s status as a buffer state.
4. Soviet Occupation: Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979, leading to a decade-long conflict known as the Soviet-Afghan War, which had far-reaching consequences for the region.
5. Taliban Rule: In the 1990s, Afghanistan was ruled by the Taliban, an extremist group that imposed strict Islamic law nation wide
6. Resilient Culture: Despite centuries of conflict, Afghanistan has a rich and resilient culture, with diverse traditions in art, music, poetry, and cuisine that continue to endure.

Important Museums for History lovers

Country has several notable museums that showcase its rich cultural heritage & History. Some of the top historical museums are:

1. National Museum of Afghanistan, Kabul: This museum houses a vast collection of artifacts spanning over 5,000 years of Afghan history, including ancient artifacts, Buddhist relics, Islamic art, and ethnographic exhibits.
2. Afghanistan National Archives, Kabul: The archives preserve historical documents, manuscripts, and records dating back centuries, providing valuable insights into Afghanistan’s political, cultural, and social history.
3. Bagh-e Babur Museum, Kabul: Located within the historic Bagh-e Babur (Babur’s Gardens), this museum displays artifacts related to the Mughal emperor Babur and his descendants, as well as items reflecting the garden’s history and significance.
4. Herat Citadel Museum, Herat: Situated within the historic Herat Citadel, this museum showcases a diverse collection of artifacts representing the region’s cultural heritage, including pottery, coins, weaponry, and Islamic art.
5. Bamiyan Museum, Bamiyan: Located near the site of the famous Bamiyan Buddhas, this museum features exhibits on the region’s Buddhist history, archaeological finds from the surrounding area, and artifacts related to the Bamiyan Valley’s ancient civilizations.

Human rights organizations

1. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC): The official human rights body in Afghanistan, tasked with promoting and protecting human rights across the country. Visit
2. Human Rights Watch (HRW): HRW regularly publishes reports and updates on human rights issues in Afghanistan, covering a wide range of topics including women’s rights, freedom of expression, and conflict-related abuses. Visit
3. Amnesty International: Amnesty International conducts research and advocacy on human rights issues worldwide, including Afghanistan. Their website provides reports, news updates, and action opportunities related to human rights in Afghanistan. Visit
4. United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA): UNAMA works to promote human rights, support the rule of law, and assist in humanitarian efforts in Afghanistan. Their website includes reports, publications, and updates on human rights issues in the country. Visit
5. Afghan Women’s Network (AWN): AWN is a network of women’s organizations in Afghanistan working to promote women’s rights and gender equality. Their website provides information on their activities and initiatives. Visit

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References:

• pexels and pixabay for images
• WHO
• Wikipedia
• United Nations
• World Bank
• Library of Congress
• unstat